Mainstreams of Horizontal Gene Exchange in Enterobacteria: Consideration of the Outbreak of Enterohemorrhagic E. coli O104:H4 in Germany in 2011

Escherichia coli O104:H4 caused a severe outbreak in Europe in 2011. The strain TY-2482 sequenced from this outbreak allowed the discovery of its closest relatives but failed to resolve ways in which it originated and evolved. On account of the previous statement, may we expect similar upcoming outbreaks to occur recurrently or spontaneously in the future? The inability to answer these questions shows limitations of the current comparative and evolutionary genomics methods.status: publishe

Italian Yearbook of International Law: Genesis, Development and Prospects

1noNYIL 50th Anniversary VolumereservedThe present contribution sets out the genesis, evolution and prospects of the Italian Yearbook of International Law (IYIL). After sketching the main stages of development from its creation to the current Volume 28, consideration is given to the dynamic scholarly and historical context which favoured the emergence of the IYIL in the 1970s. Notwithstanding several precursors, a rising number of competitors and the growing reliance on Internet-based services by international law researchers and practitioners, it is submitted that the IYIL was born out of and continues to appear as a distinctive and peculiar experience in the Italian legal publishing environment.mixedRiccardo PavoniPavoni, Riccard